Qhov txawv ntawm 5G thiab 4G yog dab tsi?
Hnub no zaj dab neeg pib nrog ib tug qauv.
Nws yog ib qho yooj yim tab sis tej yam yees siv mis.Nws yooj yim vim nws tsuas muaj peb tsab ntawv xwb.Thiab nws yog amazing vim nws yog ib tug qauv uas muaj cov paub tsis meej ntawm kev sib txuas lus technology.
Cov mis yog:
Cia kuv piav qhia txog cov mis, uas yog cov qauv physics yooj yim, qhov ceev ntawm lub teeb = wavelength * zaus.
Txog tus qauv, koj tuaj yeem hais tias: txawm nws yog 1G, 2G, 3G, lossis 4G, 5G, tag nrho ntawm nws tus kheej.
Wired?Wireless?
Tsuas muaj ob hom kev sib txuas lus thev naus laus zis - kev sib txuas lus xov tooj thiab kev sib txuas lus wireless.
Yog tias kuv hu rau koj, cov ntaub ntawv cov ntaub ntawv yog nyob rau hauv huab cua (tsis pom thiab tsis pom) lossis cov khoom siv lub cev (pom thiab pom tau).
Yog tias nws kis tau ntawm cov khoom siv lub cev, nws yog kev sib txuas lus.Nws yog siv tooj liab hlau, fiber ntau optical., thiab lwm yam., tag nrho hu ua wired media.
Thaum cov ntaub ntawv kis tau los ntawm cov xov xwm wired, tus nqi tuaj yeem ncav cuag tus nqi siab heev.
Piv txwv li, hauv chav kuaj, qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm ib qho fiber ntau tau mus txog 26Tbps;nws yog nees nkaum rau txhiab zaus ntawm kab lig kev cai.
Optical Fiber
Kev sib txuas lus hauv huab cua yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev sib txuas lus mobile.
Tus qauv tseem ceeb ntawm lub xov tooj tam sim no yog 4G LTE, qhov theoretical ceev ntawm tsuas yog 150Mbps (tsis suav nrog cov cab kuj sib sau ua ke).Qhov no tsis muaj dab tsi piv rau cable.
Yog li ntawd,Yog hais tias 5G yog ua kom tiav high-speed kawg-rau-kawg, lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog tawg los ntawm lub hwj chim wireless.
Raws li peb txhua tus paub, kev sib txuas lus wireless yog kev siv hluav taws xob tsis zoo rau kev sib txuas lus.Electronic nthwv dej thiab lub teeb tsis yog ob qho tib si electromagnetic tsis.
Nws zaus txiav txim siab txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm electromagnetic yoj.Electromagnetic nthwv dej ntawm ntau zaus muaj cov yam ntxwv sib txawv thiab yog li muaj lwm yam kev siv.
Piv txwv li, high-frequency gamma rays muaj qhov tseem ceeb lethality thiab siv tau los kho cov qog.
Peb tam sim no tsuas yog siv hluav taws xob tsis zoo rau kev sib txuas lus.tau kawg, muaj qhov nce ntawm kev sib txuas lus kho qhov muag, zoo li LIFI.
LiFi (lub teeb fidelity), pom lub teeb kev sib txuas lus.
Cia peb rov los rau hauv xov tooj cua ua ntej.
Electronics yog ib hom electromagnetic yoj.Nws cov peev txheej zaus raug txwv.
Peb faib ntau zaus rau hauv qhov sib txawv thiab muab lawv rau ntau yam khoom thiab siv kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam thiab tsis sib haum xeeb.
| Band npe | Cov ntawv luv | ITU Band Number | Zaus thiab Wavelength | Piv txwv Kev Siv |
| Tsawg zaus heev | ELF | 1 | 3-30Hz100,000-10,000 km | Kev sib txuas lus nrog submarines |
| Super Tsawg zaus | SLF | 2 | 30-300Hz10,000-1,000km | Kev sib txuas lus nrog submarines |
| Ultra Tsawg zaus | ULF | 3 | 300-3,000Hz1,000-100km | Kev sib txuas lus submarine, Kev sib txuas lus hauv mines |
| Tsawg zaus | VLF | 4 | 3-30KHz100-10km | Kev taw qhia, lub sijhawm teeb liab, kev sib txuas lus submarine, wireless lub plawv dhia saib, geophysics |
| Tsawg zaus | LF | 5 | 30-300KHz10-1km | Kev taw qhia, lub sijhawm teeb liab, AM Longwave tshaj tawm (Tebchaws Europe thiab Asia), RFID, xov tooj cua nyiam |
| Nruab nrab zaus | MF | 6 | 300-3,000KHz1,000-100 m | AM (nruab nrab-yoj) tshaj tawm, xov tooj cua amateur, avalanche beacons |
| Ntau zaus | HF | 7 | 3-30 MHz100-10 M | Kev tshaj tawm xov xwm luv luv, xov tooj cua pej xeem, xov tooj cua amateur thiab tshaj-the-horizon aviation kev sib txuas lus, RFID, tshaj-the-horizon radar, tsis siv neeg txuas kev tsim (ALE) / ze-verttical incidence skywave (NVIS) xov tooj cua sib txuas lus, xov tooj cua hauv hiav txwv thiab xov tooj ntawm tes |
| Ntau zaus | VHF | 8 | 30-300 MHz10-1 m | FM, TV tshaj tawm, kab-ntawm-pom pom hauv av-rau- dav hlau thiab dav hlau-rau- dav hlau kev sib txuas lus, av mobile thiab maritime mobile kev sib txuas lus, xov tooj cua amateur, xov tooj cua huab cua |
| Ultra siab zaus | UHF | 9 | 300-3,000MHz1-0.1 m | Kev tshaj tawm hauv xov tooj cua, microwave qhov cub, microwave cov khoom siv / kev sib txuas lus, xov tooj cua astronomy, xov tooj ntawm tes, wireless LAN, Bluetooth, ZigBee, GPS thiab ob txoj xov tooj cua xws li xov tooj cua hauv av, FRS thiab GMRS xov tooj cua, xov tooj cua amateur, xov tooj cua satellite, Chaw taws teeb tswj, ADSB |
| Super High zaus | SHF | 10 | 3-30 GHz100-10 hli | Xov tooj cua astronomy, microwave cov khoom siv / kev sib txuas lus, wireless LAN, DSRC, feem ntau niaj hnub radars, kev sib txuas lus satellites, cable thiab satellite TV tshaj tawm, DBS, xov tooj cua amateur, satellite xov tooj cua |
| Ntau zaus | EHF | 11 | 30-300 GHz10-1 hli | Xov tooj cua astronomy, high-frequency microwave xov tooj cua relay, microwave tej thaj chaw deb sensing, amateur xov tooj cua, qhia-zog riam phom, millimeter yoj scanner, Wireless Lan 802.11ad |
| Terahertz los yog muaj ntau zaus | THF na THF | 12 | 300-3,000 GHz1-0.1 hli | Kev sim tshuaj ntsuam xyuas los hloov X-rays, ultrafast molecular dynamics, condensed-muab physics, terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, terahertz xam / kev sib txuas lus, tej thaj chaw deb sensing |
Kev siv xov tooj cua ntawm cov zaus sib txawv
Peb feem ntau sivMF-SHFrau kev sib txuas lus hauv xov tooj ntawm tes.
Piv txwv li, "GSM900" thiab "CDMA800" feem ntau xa mus rau GSM kev khiav hauj lwm ntawm 900MHz thiab CDMA khiav ntawm 800MHz.
Tam sim no, lub ntiaj teb lub ntsiab 4G LTE thev naus laus zis tus qauv belongs rau UHF thiab SHF.
Tuam Tshoj feem ntau siv SHF
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, nrog kev txhim kho ntawm 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, lub xov tooj cua zaus siv tau nce siab dua.
Vim li cas?
Qhov no feem ntau yog vim qhov ntau zaus, cov khoom siv ntau zaus muaj.Cov peev txheej ntau zaus muaj, qhov siab dua qhov kis tau tus mob tuaj yeem ua tiav.
Ntau zaus txhais tau tias muaj peev txheej ntau dua, uas txhais tau tias ceev ceev.
Yog li, 5 G siv cov zaus tshwj xeeb li cas?
Raws li qhia hauv qab no:
Qhov ntau zaus ntawm 5G tau muab faib ua ob hom: ib qho qis dua 6GHz, uas tsis txawv ntawm peb tam sim no 2G, 3G, 4G, thiab lwm yam, uas siab tshaj 24GHz.
Tam sim no, 28GHz yog tus thawj coj thoob ntiaj teb kev xeem band (cov zaus band kuj tseem tuaj yeem dhau los ua thawj qhov kev lag luam zaus band rau 5G)
Yog tias xam los ntawm 28GHz, raws li cov qauv peb tau hais los saum toj no:
Zoo, qhov ntawd yog thawj qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm 5G
millimeter-yoj
Cia kuv qhia lub rooj zaus dua:
| Band npe | Cov ntawv luv | ITU Band Number | Zaus thiab Wavelength | Piv txwv Kev Siv |
| Tsawg zaus heev | ELF | 1 | 3-30Hz100,000-10,000 km | Kev sib txuas lus nrog submarines |
| Super Tsawg zaus | SLF | 2 | 30-300Hz10,000-1,000km | Kev sib txuas lus nrog submarines |
| Ultra Tsawg zaus | ULF | 3 | 300-3,000Hz1,000-100km | Kev sib txuas lus submarine, Kev sib txuas lus hauv mines |
| Tsawg zaus | VLF | 4 | 3-30KHz100-10km | Kev taw qhia, lub sijhawm teeb liab, kev sib txuas lus submarine, wireless lub plawv dhia saib, geophysics |
| Tsawg zaus | LF | 5 | 30-300KHz10-1km | Kev taw qhia, lub sijhawm teeb liab, AM Longwave tshaj tawm (Tebchaws Europe thiab Asia), RFID, xov tooj cua nyiam |
| Nruab nrab zaus | MF | 6 | 300-3,000KHz1,000-100 m | AM (nruab nrab-yoj) tshaj tawm, xov tooj cua amateur, avalanche beacons |
| Ntau zaus | HF | 7 | 3-30 MHz100-10 M | Kev tshaj tawm xov xwm luv luv, xov tooj cua pej xeem, xov tooj cua amateur thiab tshaj-the-horizon aviation kev sib txuas lus, RFID, tshaj-the-horizon radar, tsis siv neeg txuas kev tsim (ALE) / ze-verttical incidence skywave (NVIS) xov tooj cua sib txuas lus, xov tooj cua hauv hiav txwv thiab xov tooj ntawm tes |
| Ntau zaus | VHF | 8 | 30-300 MHz10-1 m | FM, TV tshaj tawm, kab-ntawm-pom pom hauv av-rau- dav hlau thiab dav hlau-rau- dav hlau kev sib txuas lus, av mobile thiab maritime mobile kev sib txuas lus, xov tooj cua amateur, xov tooj cua huab cua |
| Ultra siab zaus | UHF | 9 | 300-3,000MHz1-0.1 m | Kev tshaj tawm hauv xov tooj cua, microwave qhov cub, microwave cov khoom siv / kev sib txuas lus, xov tooj cua astronomy, xov tooj ntawm tes, wireless LAN, Bluetooth, ZigBee, GPS thiab ob txoj xov tooj cua xws li xov tooj cua hauv av, FRS thiab GMRS xov tooj cua, xov tooj cua amateur, xov tooj cua satellite, Chaw taws teeb tswj, ADSB |
| Super High zaus | SHF | 10 | 3-30 GHz100-10 hli | Xov tooj cua astronomy, microwave cov khoom siv / kev sib txuas lus, wireless LAN, DSRC, feem ntau niaj hnub radars, kev sib txuas lus satellites, cable thiab satellite TV tshaj tawm, DBS, xov tooj cua amateur, satellite xov tooj cua |
| Ntau zaus | EHF | 11 | 30-300 GHz10-1 hli | Xov tooj cua astronomy, high-frequency microwave xov tooj cua relay, microwave tej thaj chaw deb sensing, amateur xov tooj cua, qhia-zog riam phom, millimeter yoj scanner, Wireless Lan 802.11ad |
| Terahertz los yog muaj ntau zaus | THF na THF | 12 | 300-3,000 GHz1-0.1 hli | Kev sim tshuaj ntsuam xyuas los hloov X-rays, ultrafast molecular dynamics, condensed-muab physics, terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, terahertz xam / kev sib txuas lus, tej thaj chaw deb sensing |
Thov ua tib zoo saib cov kab hauv qab.Puas yog amillimeter zog!
Zoo, txij li cov zaus siab tau zoo heev, vim li cas peb tsis siv cov zaus ua ntej?
Qhov laj thawj yog yooj yim:
-Nws tsis yog tias koj tsis xav siv nws.Nws yog qhov koj them tsis tau.
Cov yam ntxwv zoo kawg nkaus ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis zoo: qhov ntau dua, qhov luv dua lub wavelength, ze rau qhov kev nthuav tawm ntawm cov kab tawm (qhov phem dua qhov muaj peev xwm diffraction).Qhov siab dua qhov zaus, qhov ntau dua qhov attenuation hauv nruab nrab.
Saib ntawm koj tus cwj mem laser (wavelength yog li 635nm).Lub teeb emitted yog ncaj.Yog tias koj thaiv nws, koj tuaj yeem ua tsis tau.
Tom qab ntawd saib cov kev sib txuas lus satellite thiab GPS navigation (wavelength yog li 1cm).Yog tias muaj kev cuam tshuam, yuav tsis muaj teeb meem.
Lub lauj kaub loj ntawm lub satellite yuav tsum tau calibrated los taw tes rau satellite nyob rau hauv txoj kev, los yog txawm me ntsis misalignment yuav cuam tshuam rau lub teeb liab zoo.
Yog hais tias kev sib txuas lus hauv xov tooj ntawm tes siv cov band-frequency band, nws qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog qhov luv luv ntawm kev sib kis, thiab kev pab them nqi tau txo qis heev.
Txhawm rau npog tib thaj chaw, tus naj npawb ntawm 5G hauv paus chaw nres tsheb yuav tsum muaj ntau tshaj 4G.
Tus naj npawb ntawm cov chaw nres tsheb hauv paus txhais li cas?Cov nyiaj, kev nqis peev, thiab tus nqi.
Qhov tsawg dua qhov zaus, qhov pheej yig dua lub network yuav yog, thiab qhov kev sib tw yuav ntau dua.Tias yog vim li cas txhua tus neeg nqa khoom tau tawm tsam rau cov kab hluav taws xob tsawg.
Qee cov bands tseem hu ua - cov zaus kub.
Yog li ntawd, raws li cov laj thawj saum toj no, nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev siv ntau zaus, txhawm rau txo tus nqi siab ntawm kev tsim kho network, 5G yuav tsum nrhiav txoj hauv kev tshiab tawm.
Thiab txoj kev tawm yog dab tsi?
Ua ntej, muaj qhov chaw nres tsheb micro puag.
Micro puag chaw nres tsheb
Muaj ob hom chaw nres tsheb, micro hauv paus chaw nres tsheb thiab macro hauv paus chaw nres tsheb.Saib lub npe, thiab lub chaw nres tsheb micro puag yog me me;qhov chaw nres tsheb macro hauv paus yog loj heev.
Macro Base chaw nres tsheb:
Kom npog thaj tsam loj.
Micro Base chaw nres tsheb:
me me heev.
Ntau qhov chaw micro hauv paus tam sim no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv nroog thiab sab hauv tsev, feem ntau tuaj yeem pom.
Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, thaum nws los txog rau 5G, yuav muaj ntau ntxiv, thiab lawv yuav raug ntsia rau txhua qhov chaw, yuav luag txhua qhov chaw.
Tej zaum koj yuav nug, puas yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam rau tib neeg lub cev yog tias muaj ntau lub hauv paus chaw nres tsheb nyob ib puag ncig?
Kuv teb yog – tsis yog.
Qhov chaw nres tsheb ntau dua muaj, qhov hluav taws xob tsawg dua.
Xav txog nws, thaum lub caij ntuj no, hauv ib lub tsev nrog ib pab pawg neeg, nws puas zoo dua kom muaj ib lub tshuab hluav taws xob siab lossis ob peb lub tshuab hluav taws xob qis?
Qhov chaw nres tsheb me me, lub zog qis thiab tsim nyog rau txhua tus.
Yog tias tsuas yog lub hauv paus chaw nres tsheb loj, cov hluav taws xob tseem ceeb thiab nyob deb dhau, tsis muaj teeb meem.
Kav hlau txais xov nyob qhov twg?
Koj puas tau pom tias cov xov tooj ntawm tes muaj lub kav hlau txais xov ntev dhau los, thiab cov xov tooj ntawm tes thaum ntxov muaj cov kav hlau txais xov me?Vim li cas peb tsis muaj antennas tam sim no?
Zoo, nws tsis yog tias peb tsis xav tau antennas;nws yog tias peb cov kav hlau txais xov tau me dua.
Raws li tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus kav hlau txais xov, qhov ntev ntawm lub kav hlau txais xov yuav tsum yog proportional rau lub wavelength, kwv yees li ntawm 1/10 ~ 1/4
Raws li lub sijhawm hloov pauv, kev sib txuas lus ntawm peb lub xov tooj ntawm tes tau nce siab dua, thiab lub wavelength tau luv dua thiab luv dua, thiab cov kav hlau txais xov kuj yuav nrawm dua.
millimeter-wave kev sib txuas lus, tus kav hlau txais xov kuj dhau los ua millimeter-theem
Qhov no txhais tau hais tias tus kav hlau txais xov tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv lub xov tooj ntawm tes thiab txawm ntau lub kav hlau txais xov.
Qhov no yog tus yuam sij thib peb ntawm 5G
Massive MIMO (Multi-antenna technology)
MIMO, uas txhais tau hais tias ntau lub tswv yim, ntau qhov tso zis.
Nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm LTE, peb twb muaj MIMO, tab sis cov kav hlau txais xov tsis ntau dhau, thiab tsuas yog hais tau tias nws yog MIMO ua ntej.
Hauv 5G era, MIMO thev naus laus zis dhau los ua ib qho kev txhim kho ntawm Massive MIMO.
Lub xov tooj ntawm tes tuaj yeem ntim nrog ntau lub kav hlau txais xov, tsis hais txog xov tooj ntawm tes.
Hauv lub hauv paus chaw nres tsheb dhau los, tsuas muaj ob peb lub kav hlau txais xov.
Hauv 5G era, tus naj npawb ntawm cov kav hlau txais xov tsis ntsuas los ntawm cov khoom tab sis los ntawm "Array" kav hlau txais xov array.
Txawm li cas los xij, cov kav hlau txais xov yuav tsum tsis txhob sib ze heev.
Vim yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov kav hlau txais xov, ntau lub kav hlau txais xov array xav kom qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov kav hlau txais xov yuav tsum khaws cia siab tshaj ib nrab wavelength.Yog tias lawv tau ze dhau lawm, lawv yuav cuam tshuam rau ib leeg thiab cuam tshuam rau kev sib kis thiab txais cov cim.
Thaum lub hauv paus chaw nres tsheb xa cov teeb liab, nws zoo li lub teeb.
Lub teeb liab tawm mus rau ib puag ncig.Rau lub teeb, ntawm chav kawm, yog kom illuminate tag nrho cov chav.Yog tias tsuas yog qhia txog ib cheeb tsam lossis cov khoom, feem ntau ntawm lub teeb yog nkim.
Lub hauv paus chaw nres tsheb yog tib yam;ntau lub zog thiab cov peev txheej tau nkim.
Yog li, yog tias peb tuaj yeem nrhiav tau ib txhais tes tsis pom los khi lub teeb tawg?
Qhov no tsis tsuas yog txuag lub zog tab sis kuj ua kom lub cheeb tsam yuav tsum tau illuminated muaj lub teeb txaus.
Cov lus teb yog yog.
Qhov no yogBeamforming
Beamforming lossis spatial filtering yog cov txheej txheem ua cov teeb liab siv nyob rau hauv sensor arrays rau kev taw qhia teeb liab kis los yog txais tos.Qhov no yog ua tiav los ntawm kev sib txuas cov ntsiab lus hauv lub kav hlau txais xov array kom cov teeb liab ntawm cov ces kaum tshwj xeeb muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo thaum lwm tus muaj kev cuam tshuam kev puas tsuaj.Beamforming tuaj yeem siv tau ntawm ob qho tib si xa tawm thiab tau txais qhov kawg kom ua tiav qhov kev xaiv spatial.
Qhov no spatial multiplexing thev naus laus zis tau hloov pauv los ntawm omnidirectional teeb liab kev pab them nqi rau cov kev taw qhia meej, yuav tsis cuam tshuam ntawm kab teeb hauv tib qhov chaw los muab kev sib txuas lus ntau dua, txhim kho lub hauv paus chaw nres tsheb muaj peev xwm.
Nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj ntawm tes tam sim no, txawm hais tias ob tug neeg hu ib lub ntsej muag, cov teeb liab raug xa mus los ntawm cov chaw nres tsheb hauv paus, suav nrog cov teeb liab tswj thiab cov ntaub ntawv pob.
Tab sis nyob rau hauv 5G era, qhov xwm txheej no tsis tas li ntawd.
Qhov thib tsib tseem ceeb feature ntawm 5G -D2Dyog ntaus ntawv rau ntaus ntawv.
Hauv 5G era, yog tias ob tus neeg siv nyob rau hauv tib lub chaw nres tsheb sib txuas lus, lawv cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsis raug xa mus los ntawm chaw nres tsheb hauv paus tab sis ncaj qha mus rau lub xov tooj ntawm tes.
Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, nws txuag tau ntau ntawm huab cua kev pab thiab txo qhov siab ntawm lub hauv paus chaw nres tsheb.
Tab sis, yog tias koj xav tias koj tsis tas yuav them li no, ces koj ua yuam kev.
Cov lus tswj hwm kuj yuav tsum tau mus los ntawm lub hauv paus chaw nres tsheb;koj siv cov peev txheej spectrum.Yuav ua li cas cov neeg khiav dej num cia koj mus?
Kev sib txuas lus thev naus laus zis tsis yog qhov tsis meej;raws li lub crown pob zeb diamond ntawm kev sib txuas lus technology, 5 G tsis yog ib tug unreachable innovation kiv puag ncig technology;nws yog ntau qhov evolution ntawm kev sib txuas lus technology uas twb muaj lawm.
Raws li ib tug kws tshaj lij hais tias -
Cov kev txwv ntawm kev sib txuas lus thev naus laus zis tsis txwv rau cov kev txwv kev ua haujlwm tab sis kev xav raws li kev ua lej nruj, uas tsis tuaj yeem tawg sai sai.
Thiab yuav ua li cas ntxiv mus tshawb nrhiav lub peev xwm ntawm kev sib txuas lus nyob rau hauv lub Scope ntawm scientific lub hauv paus ntsiab lus yog qhov nyuaj nrhiav ntawm ntau tus neeg nyob rau hauv kev sib txuas lus kev lag luam.
Post lub sij hawm: Jun-02-2021