Cov tiam tom ntej ntawm wireless technology yog fraught nrog cov teeb meem, tab sis qhov ntawd tsis tau qeeb qeeb.
Cov thev naus laus zis no khav theeb cov ntaub ntawv siab heev, qis dua latency ntau dua li 4G LTE, thiab muaj peev xwm los tswj cov khoom siv ceev heev hauv ib qhov chaw ntawm tes.Nyob rau hauv luv luv, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws thev naus laus zis los daws cov dej nyab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv tsheb, IoT cov cuab yeej thiab, nce ntxiv, tiam tom ntej electronics.
Lub zog tsav tsheb tom qab cov thev naus laus zis no yog lub tshuab huab cua tshiab uas yuav ua rau cov neeg siv xov tooj ntawm tes kom ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo dua nrog kev faib cov spectrum zoo sib xws.Tus tshiab network hierarchy yuav ua rau nws yooj yim dua rau kev ua hauj lwm nrog segmented 5G tes hauj lwm los ntawm kev tso cai rau koj mus dynamically faib ntau hom tsheb raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm cov tsheb.
"Nws yog hais txog bandwidth thiab latency," said Michael Thompson, RF Solutions Architect ntawm Cadence's Custom ICs thiab PCBs Group.“Kuv tuaj yeem tau txais cov ntaub ntawv ntau npaum li cas?Lwm qhov txiaj ntsig yog qhov no yog lub zog muaj zog, yog li nws txuag kuv qhov teeb meem ntawm kev khi tag nrho cov channel lossis ntau qhov bandwidth channel.Qhov no zoo ib yam li throughput ntawm kev thov, nyob ntawm daim ntawv thov.Qhov no yog dab tsi.Yog li, nws hloov tau yooj yim dua li cov qauv tiam dhau los.Tsis tas li ntawd, nws lub peev xwm ntau dua. "
Qhov no qhib tau cov ntawv thov tshiab hauv lub neej txhua hnub, ntawm kev sib tw kis las, hauv kev lag luam thiab kev thauj mus los."Yog tias kuv tso cov sensors txaus rau hauv lub dav hlau, kuv tuaj yeem tswj tau nws, thiab nrog rau daim ntawv thov xws li kev kawm tshuab, nws yuav pib nkag siab thaum twg ib feem, system lossis txheej txheem yuav tsum tau kho lossis hloov," Thompson hais.“Yog li ntawd muaj lub dav hlau ya hla lub tebchaws thiab nws yuav tsaws hauv LaGuardia.Tos, ib tug yuav los hloov nws.Qhov no mus rau cov khoom siv hauv av loj heev, thiab cov khoom siv mining qhov twg qhov system saib xyuas nws tus kheej.Koj xav tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej siv nyiaj ntau lab daus las los ntawm kev sib tsoo kom lawv tsis txhob zaum tos rau qhov chaw xa mus rau hauv. thiab qis latency kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv sai sai.Yog tias koj xav tau tig ib ncig thiab xa ib yam dab tsi rov qab, koj kuj tuaj yeem xa sai sai. "
Ib qho thev naus laus zis, ntau qhov kev siv Lub sijhawm 5G yog siv ntau txoj hauv kev niaj hnub no.Hauv nws daim ntawv dav dav tshaj plaws, qhov no yog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov xov tooj ntawm tes wireless uas yuav tso cai rau cov kev pabcuam tshiab los tswj hwm tus qauv huab cua, piav qhia Colin Alexander, tus thawj coj ntawm kev lag luam wireless rau Arm's infrastructure lag luam."Muaj ntau zaus uas twb muaj lawm thiab tshiab yuav raug faib los nqa tsheb los ntawm sub-1 GHz nyob rau hauv qhov ntev, suburban thiab dav kev pab cuam, thiab millimeter-yoj khiav los ntawm 26 mus rau 60 GHz rau tshiab high-muaj peev xwm, tsawg-latency siv cov ntaub ntawv."
Tom ntej no tsab xov xwmNyob rau Mobile Network Alliance (NGMN) thiab lwm tus tau tsim ib lub cim uas qhia txog kev siv cov xwm txheej ntawm peb lub ntsiab lus ntawm daim duab peb sab - ib lub ces kaum rau kev txhim kho mobile broadband, lwm yam rau ultra-txhim khu kev sib txuas lus qis-latency (URLLC).Kev sib txuas lus tshuab hom.Txhua tus ntawm lawv xav tau ib hom sib txawv kiag li ntawm lub network rau lawv cov kev xav tau.
"Qhov no ua rau lwm qhov yuav tsum tau muaj rau 5G, qhov yuav tsum tau txhais lub network tseem ceeb," Alexander hais."Lub network tseem ceeb yuav ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau tag nrho cov kev sib txawv no."
Nws tau sau tseg tias cov neeg siv xov tooj ntawm tes tau ua haujlwm los muab cov kev hloov pauv hloov pauv tau yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab nthuav dav ntawm lawv cov tes hauj lwm, siv virtualized thiab ntim cov software siv khiav ntawm cov txheej txheem suav kho vajtse hauv huab.
Hais txog URLLC tsheb hom, cov ntawv thov tam sim no tuaj yeem tswj hwm los ntawm huab.Tab sis qhov no yuav tsum tau txav qee qhov kev tswj hwm thiab cov neeg siv ua haujlwm ze rau ntawm ntug ntawm lub network, mus rau huab cua interface.Piv txwv li, xav txog cov neeg hlau ntse hauv cov chaw tsim khoom uas xav tau cov kev sib txuas qis qis rau kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo.Qhov no yuav xav tau cov kev sib txuas ntawm ntug, txhua qhov suav nrog, khaws cia, nrawm, thiab lub peev xwm kawm tshuab, thiab qee qhov tab sis tsis yog tag nrho V2X thiab cov kev pabcuam tsheb yuav muaj cov kev cai zoo sib xws, Alexander hais.
"Yog hais tias qhov tsawg latency yuav tsum tau, kev ua yuav rov qab mus rau lub ntug kom xam thiab sib txuas lus V2X cov kev daws teeb meem.Yog tias daim ntawv thov ntau ntxiv txog kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm, xws li chaw nres tsheb lossis chaw tsim khoom taug qab, kev suav tuaj yeem yog huab xam ntau. "ntawm lub cuab yeej ", - nws hais.
Tsim rau 5G Rau cov kws tsim qauv tsim ua haujlwm nrog kev tsim 5G chips, muaj ntau yam txav hauv cov duab dhos ua si, txhua tus nrog nws tus kheej cov kev xav.Piv txwv li, ntawm cov chaw nres tsheb, ib qho teeb meem tseem ceeb yog kev siv hluav taws xob.
Geoff Tate, CEO ntawm Flex Logix hais tias "Feem ntau ntawm cov chaw nres tsheb yog tsim los nrog ASIC thiab FPGA thev naus laus zis siab heev," said Geoff Tate, CEO ntawm Flex Logix."Tam sim no, lawv tau tsim los siv SerDes, uas siv ntau lub zog thiab siv ntau qhov chaw.Yog tias koj tuaj yeem tsim cov programmability rau hauv ASIC koj tuaj yeem txo qis kev siv hluav taws xob thiab hneev taw vim tias koj tsis xav tau SerDes khiav ceev ceev off-chip thiab koj muaj ntau bandwidth ntawm programmable logic thiab ASICs Intel ua qhov no los ntawm kev tso lawv Xeons thiab Altera FPGA rau hauv tib pob Yog li koj tau txais 100 zaus ntau dua bandwidth Cov khoom txaus siab txog cov chaw nres tsheb hauv paus Ua ntej, koj tsim cov thev naus laus zis thiab tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem muag thiab siv thoob plaws ntiaj teb.Nrog lub xov tooj ntawm tes, koj tuaj yeem tsim cov qauv sib txawv rau ntau lub tebchaws. "
Cov kev xav tau sib txawv rau cov cuab yeej siv hauv cov tub ntxhais network thiab hauv huab.Ib qho ntawm cov kev txiav txim siab tseem ceeb yog cov qauv tsim uas ua rau nws yooj yim los tswj software thiab yooj yim chaw nres nkoj siv cov khoom siv.
"Lub ecosystem ntawm cov qauv rau kev tuav cov kev pab cuam lub thawv virtualized xws li OPNFV (Qhib Platform rau Network Function Virtualization) yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev," said Arm's Alexander."Kev tswj hwm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntsiab lus hauv network thiab kev khiav tsheb ntawm cov khoom siv los ntawm kev pabcuam orchestration kuj tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb.ONAP (Qhib Network Automation Platform) yog ib qho piv txwv.Kev siv hluav taws xob thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov cuab yeej siv kuj tseem yog qhov kev xaiv tsim. "
Ntawm lub network ntug, cov kev xav tau suav nrog qis latency, siab siv bandwidth siab, thiab siv hluav taws xob tsawg.
"Accelerators yuav tsum tau yooj yim pab txhawb ntau yam kev xav tau sib txawv uas tsis yog ib txwm ua tau zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm CPU lub hom phiaj," said Alexander.Lub peev xwm los ntsuas qhov tseem ceeb heev.Kev them nyiaj yug rau ib qho kev tsim qauv uas tuaj yeem ntsuas tau yooj yim ntawm ASICs, ASSPs, thiab FPGAs kuj tseem ceeb, vim tias kev suav ntug yuav raug faib thoob plaws hauv tes hauj lwm ntawm txhua qhov loj me thiab ntawm txhua lub cuab yeej.Software scalability kuj tseem ceeb. "
5G kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv rau chipset architecture, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov xov tooj cua.Ron Lowman tau hais tias thaum lub sijhawm analog ntawm qhov kawg ntawm LTE cov kev daws teeb meem tau muab tso rau hauv xov tooj cua, cov txheej txheem, lossis kev sib koom ua ke tag nrho, thaum pab pawg tsim tawm mus rau cov thev naus laus zis tshiab, cov hauv ntej-kawg feem ntau txav tawm ntawm lub nti ua ntej thiab tom qab ntawd rov qab mus rau nws. .Raws li thev naus laus zis nce qib Nws, Synopsys IoT Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Kev Lag Luam.
"Nrog rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm 5G, nws cia siab tias ntau lub xov tooj cua, cov thev naus laus zis ntau dua, thiab nrawm dua, cov thev naus laus zis siab dua xws li 12nm thiab siab dua yuav ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev sib koom ua ke," Lowman hais."Qhov no yuav tsum tau cov ntaub ntawv converters uas nkag mus rau hauv lub analog interface kom muaj peev xwm lis gigasamples ib ob.Kev ntseeg siab yog ib txwm tseem ceeb.Cov xwm txheej zoo li qhib spectrum thiab kev siv Wi-Fi ua rau nws nyuaj dua li yav dhau los.Sim ua txhua yam uas tsis yog ib txoj haujlwm yooj yim, thiab kev kawm tshuab thiab kev txawj ntse tuaj yeem ua tau zoo los ua qee qhov haujlwm nyuaj.Qhov no, nyob rau hauv lem, cuam tshuam lub architecture, raws li nws loads tsis tsuas yog ua, tab sis kuj nco. "
Thompson ntawm Cadence pom zoo."Raws li peb tsim 5G lossis IoT kom siab dua 802.11 cov qauv thiab txawm tias qee qhov kev txiav txim siab ADAS, peb tab tom sim txo qis kev siv hluav taws xob, pheej yig dua, me dua thiab nce kev ua tau zoo los ntawm kev txav mus rau cov pob me me.Muab piv rau koj qhov kev txhawj xeeb sib xyaw, pom hauv Lavxias Federation, "nws hais."Raws li cov nodes me me, ICs tau me dua.Txhawm rau kom IC kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm nws qhov loj me, nws yuav tsum nyob hauv ib pob me me.Muaj kev thawb rau tej yam me me thiab compact dua, tab sis qhov ntawd tsis yog qhov zoo. "rau RF Design".“… hauv kev simulation, kuv tsis txhawj xeeb ntau dhau ntawm qhov cuam tshuam ntawm Circuit Court rau kev faib khoom.Yog tias kuv muaj ib daim hlau, nws yuav zoo li tus resistor me ntsis, tab sis nws zoo li tus resistor ntawm txhua zaus.Yog hais tias nws yog RF nyhuv, ces nws yog ib tug kis tau tus mob kab, nws yuav saib txawv nyob ntawm seb qhov zaus kuv xa mus rau nws.Cov teb no yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lwm qhov chaw ntawm cov saw.Tam sim no kuv tau sau txhua yam nyob ze rau ib leeg thiab thaum nws puas, qhov kev twb kev txuas Degree nce exponentially.Thaum kuv mus rau lub me me, cov coupling teebmeem ua ntau pronounced, uas kuj txhais tau hais tias lub bias voltage yog me me.Yog li lub suab nrov yog ib tug loj nyhuv vim kuv tsis bias lub ntaus ntawv. Tsawg voltage, tib lub suab nrov muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua.Ntau yam ntawm cov teeb meem no tshwm sim nyob rau theem system hauv 5G. "
Kev tsom mus rau kev ntseeg siab tshiab Kev ntseeg tau coj lub ntsiab lus tshiab hauv kev sib txuas lus wireless vim cov chips no tau siv rau hauv tsheb, kev lag luam thiab kev siv kho mob.Qhov no feem ntau tsis cuam tshuam txog kev sib txuas lus wireless, qhov twg kev sib txuas tsis ua haujlwm, kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, lossis lwm yam teeb meem uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov kev pabcuam feem ntau pom tias yog qhov tsis yooj yim dua li qhov teeb meem kev nyab xeeb.
"Peb yuav tsum nrhiav txoj hauv kev tshiab los txheeb xyuas tias cov chips kev nyab xeeb ua haujlwm yuav ua haujlwm tau zoo," Roland Jahnke, Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Kev Tsim Qauv ntawm Fraunhofer EAS hais.“Raws li kev lag luam, peb tseem tsis tau muaj.Peb tab tom sim tsim cov txheej txheem kev txhim kho tam sim no.Peb yuav tsum tau saib seb qhov chaw thiab cov cuab yeej cuam tshuam li cas, thiab peb muaj ntau txoj haujlwm los xyuas kom meej qhov sib xws. "
Jahnke tau sau tseg tias txog tam sim no feem ntau ntawm cov teeb meem tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsim ib qho yuam kev.“Yuav ua li cas yog tias muaj ob lossis peb kab?Tus neeg kuaj xyuas yuav tsum qhia tus tsim qauv seb yuav ua li cas tsis raug thiab qhov twg cov kab no nyob, thiab tom qab ntawd muab lawv rov qab thaum lub sijhawm tsim qauv. "
Qhov no tau dhau los ua qhov teeb meem loj hauv ntau qhov kev lag luam tseem ceeb ntawm kev nyab xeeb, thiab qhov teeb meem loj nrog wireless thiab tsheb yog qhov nce zuj zus ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm ob sab.Oliver King, CTO ntawm Moortec hais tias "Ib txhia ntawm lawv yuav tsum tau tsim kom muaj nyob mus ib txhis."“Kev ua qauv ua ntej tuaj yeem kwv yees seb cov khoom yuav siv li cas.Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau kwv yees.Nws yuav siv sijhawm los saib seb cov khoom ua haujlwm li cas. "
Lub zos network xav tau.Txawm li cas los xij, cov tuam txhab txaus xav tias 5G muaj txiaj ntsig txaus los ua pov thawj rau kev siv zog los tsim cov txheej txheem tsim nyog los ua kom nws ua haujlwm tau zoo.
Magdi Abadir, tus lwm thawj ntawm kev lag luam ntawm Helic, tau hais tias qhov sib txawv loj tshaj plaws nrog 5G yuav yog cov ntaub ntawv ceev."5G tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntawm qhov nrawm ntawm 10 mus rau 20 gigabits ib pliag.Cov kev tsim kho vaj tse yuav tsum txhawb nqa hom kev hloov pauv cov ntaub ntawv, thiab cov chips yuav tsum ua cov ntaub ntawv tuaj.Rau cov receivers thiab transmitters nyob rau hauv bands saum toj no 100 GB, qhov zaus kuj yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account.Hauv Lavxias Federation, lawv tau siv rau qhov zaus ntawm 70 GHz rau radars thiab lwm yam. "
Tsim cov txheej txheem no yog ib txoj haujlwm nyuaj uas nthuav tawm ntau qhov txuas hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
"Cov khawv koob uas tab tom tham txog yuav ua rau qhov no tshwm sim yog sim ua kom muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntau dua ntawm RF sab ntawm SoC," Abadir tau hais.Kev koom ua ke nrog analog ADC thiab DAC Cheebtsam nrog cov qauv ntsuas siab heev.Txhua yam yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv tib SoC.Peb tau pom kev sib koom ua ke thiab sib tham txog cov teeb meem kev koom ua ke, tab sis qhov no exaggerates txhua yam vim nws teeb lub hom phiaj siab thiab yuam cov neeg tsim khoom los koom ua ke ntau dua li yav dhau los xav.Nws nyuaj heev kom cais txhua yam thiab tsis cuam tshuam rau cov neeg nyob sib ze. "
Los ntawm qhov kev xav no, 2G feem ntau yog lub suab sib kis, thaum 3G thiab 4G yog cov ntaub ntawv xa mus ntau dua thiab kev txhawb nqa zoo dua.Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, 5G sawv cev rau kev nthuav dav ntawm cov khoom siv sib txawv, cov kev pabcuam sib txawv thiab nce bandwidth.
"Cov qauv siv tshiab xws li kev txhim kho mobile broadband thiab kev sib txuas qis qis yuav tsum tau nce 10x bandwidth," said Mike Fitton, Strategic Planner thiab Business Development Specialist ntawm Achronix."Tsis tas li ntawd, 5G xav tias yuav dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb rau V2X, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau 5G tiam tom ntej.5G Tso Tawm 16 yuav muaj URLLC uas tseem ceeb heev rau kev siv V2X.Network hom kev thov.
Kev npaj rau lub neej yav tom ntej tsis paub meej ntawm 5G feem ntau pom tias yog ib qho ntawm cov superlatives nrog 10x ntau bandwidth, 5x latency, thiab 5-10x ntau cov khoom siv.Qhov no yog qhov nyuaj los ntawm qhov tseeb tias tus number case hauv 5G specs tsis qhuav heev.Muaj ib txwm lig ntxiv uas yuav tsum tau yooj yim thiab tig mus rau hauv programmability.
"Yog tias koj coj mus rau hauv tus account ob qhov kev xav tau loj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kho vajtse txuas vim qhov siab bandwidth thiab qhov xav tau ntawm kev hloov pauv, qhov no txhais tau tias koj yuav xav tau qee yam kev mob siab rau SoC lossis ASIC uas muaj ntau qhov programmability ntawm hardware thiab software.... yog tias koj saib txhua lub platform 5G niaj hnub no, lawv txhua tus ua raws FPGAs vim tias koj tsuas yog tsis pom qhov dhau los.Qee lub sij hawm, tag nrho cov wireless OEMs tseem ceeb yuav txav mus rau kev lag luam ntau dua thiab ua kom zoo dua software ASIC lub zog, tab sis yuav tsum tau ua kom yooj yim thiab tsav los txo tus nqi thiab kev siv hluav taws xob.Nws yog hais txog kev ua kom yoog raws qhov koj xav tau (hauv FPGAs lossis FPGAs embedded) thiab tom qab ntawd ntxiv cov haujlwm uas ua tau kom ua tiav tus nqi qis tshaj plaws thiab kev siv hluav taws xob. "
Tate ntawm Flex Logix pom zoo.“Ntau tshaj 100 lub tuam txhab ua haujlwm hauv cheeb tsam no.Cov spectrum txawv, cov txheej txheem sib txawv, thiab cov chips siv txawv.Lub nti rov ua dua yuav raug txwv ntau dua hauv lub zog ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev, qhov twg yuav muaj qhov chaw uas eFPGA muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua. "
Cov dab neeg hais txog Txoj Kev Rocky rau 5G Ntev npaum li cas qhov kev siv thev naus laus zis tshiab no yuav mus, thiab cov teeb meem dab tsi tseem yuav dhau mus?Kev ntsuam xyuas wireless ntsib cov teeb meem tshiab Kev tshwm sim ntawm 5G thiab lwm yam tshiab wireless thev naus laus zis ua rau kev sim nyuaj dua.Kev ntsuam xyuas wireless yog ib qho kev daws teeb meem.Tech Tham: Dab tsi 5G, tus qauv tshiab wireless, txhais tau tias rau kev lag luam thev naus laus zis thiab cov teeb meem dab tsi tshwm sim tom ntej.5G Test Equipment Race Pib Cov tiam tom ntej ntawm wireless thev naus laus zis tseem tab tom txhim kho, tab sis cov neeg muag khoom tau npaj siab los sim 5G hauv kev xa tawm.
Kev lag luam tau nce qib hauv kev nkag siab tias kev laus cuam tshuam li cas rau kev ntseeg tau, tab sis ntau qhov sib txawv ua rau nws nyuaj rau kho.
Pab pawg tab tom tshawb nrhiav lub peev xwm ntawm 2D cov ntaub ntawv, 1000-txheej NAND nco, thiab txoj hauv kev tshiab los ntiav cov txuj ci.
Heterogeneous kev koom ua ke thiab nce ceev nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej-kawg nodes ua ib co nyuaj thiab daunting kev cov nyom rau IC manufacturing thiab ntim.
Processor validation yog ntau nyuaj tshaj li ASIC ntawm qhov sib piv, thiab RISC-V processors ntxiv lwm txheej ntawm complexity.
127 startups tsa $2.6 billion, nrog rau cov nyiaj tseem ceeb tau tsa los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv chaw sib txuas, quantum xam thiab roj teeb.
Kev lag luam tau nce qib hauv kev nkag siab tias kev laus cuam tshuam li cas rau kev ntseeg tau, tab sis ntau qhov sib txawv ua rau nws nyuaj rau kho.
Heterogeneous designs, thermal mismatch nyob rau hauv sib txawv siv tej zaum yuav cuam tshuam rau txhua yam los ntawm accelerated aging mus warping thiab system tsis ua hauj lwm.
Tus txheej txheem nco tshiab ntxiv cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb, tab sis nws tseem kim thiab nyuaj rau siv.Qhov no yuav hloov.
Post lub sij hawm: Mar-16-2023